What is ICSI
An enhanced method of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) involves injecting a single sperm directly into an egg to help in fertilisation. This technique is particularly effective for overcoming severe male infertility issues such as low sperm count, poor sperm motility, abnormal sperm morphology, or obstructive azoospermia. Additionally, ICSI is often used when previous IVF attempts have failed when using previously frozen eggs or sperm or in cases of unexplained infertility.
How does ICSI work?
ICSI works by directly injecting a single sperm into the cytoplasm of a mature egg to facilitate fertilization, bypassing many natural barriers to conception. The process includes ovarian stimulation with fertility medications to produce multiple eggs, followed by egg retrieval through a minor surgical procedure. A sperm sample is collected from the male partner or donor and prepared in the lab, and a single sperm is precisely injected into each egg using a fine needle. The fertilized eggs are cultured for a few days to develop into embryos, which are then transferred into the woman’s uterus for potential implantation and pregnancy.
Process of ICSI Treatment
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is performed as part of IVF. Explore the six key steps with Parampara Fertility and Gynaec Centre.
Ovarian Stimulation
Fertility medication helps the ovaries develop several eggs. Monitoring guides your individual treatment plan.
What to expect
Ultrasound scans and blood tests may be used to assess your response.
Egg Retrieval
Eggs are collected from the ovaries during an ultrasound-guided procedure, usually under sedation or anaesthesia.
What to expect
Your team explains preparation, recovery and aftercare before egg collection.
Sperm Preparation
The laboratory prepares the sperm sample and selects sperm for injection into mature eggs.
What to expect
Surgical sperm retrieval may be needed in selected cases.
Sperm Injection
An embryologist injects a single sperm directly into each suitable mature egg using a fine needle.
What to expect
The eggs are then checked for fertilisation.
Embryo Culture
Successfully fertilised eggs develop in the laboratory while the embryology team monitors embryo development.
What to expect
Embryo development helps guide selection and transfer planning.
Embryo Transfer
A selected embryo is placed into the uterus. Transfer may occur in a fresh or frozen cycle.
What to expect
Your team provides aftercare advice and a pregnancy test date.
Your specialist will explain whether ICSI is suitable and tailor the treatment schedule to your needs.
Who is suitable for ICSI Treatment?
ICSI is suitable for:
- Men with severe male factor infertility (low sperm count, poor motility, or abnormal morphology).
- Couples who have had unsuccessful IVF cycles or unexplained infertility.
- Men with obstructive azoospermia (blockages preventing sperm release).
- Couples using previously frozen eggs or sperm.
Benefits of Having ICSI
- Overcomes severe male infertility issues.
- Allows fertilization with very few viable sperm.
- Increases chances of fertilization in cases of previous IVF failures.
- Enables use of previously frozen eggs or sperm.
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Frequently asked questions
How long does ICSI process take?
The ICSI process typically takes about 4 to 6 weeks from the start of ovarian stimulation to the embryo transfer. It includes 1-2 weeks of fertility medications to stimulate the ovaries, the egg retrieval procedure, a few days for fertilization and embryo culture, and finally, the embryo transfer into the uterus. A pregnancy test is usually performed about two weeks after the embryo transfer to confirm if implantation and pregnancy have occurred.
Which is better IVF or ICSI?
- IVF is best for unexplained infertility, ovulation disorders, blocked fallopian tubes, and endometriosis.
- ICSI is best for severe male infertility issues (low sperm count, poor motility, abnormal morphology) or previous IVF failures.
- Consult with a fertility specialist to determine the best approach based on your specific situation.
Is embryo transfer painful?
Embryo transfer is generally not considered painful. It is a relatively quick and straightforward procedure that involves placing the embryos into the woman's uterus using a thin catheter. Most women describe it as discomfort rather than pain. Some clinics may offer a mild sedative to help relax during the procedure.
What is the ICSI procedure in IVF?
ICSI is a specialized IVF technique where a single sperm is directly injected into an egg to aid fertilization. It's used for severe male infertility or past IVF failures. This method bypasses natural barriers, enhancing fertilization success and resulting in embryos being transferred to the uterus for pregnancy.